Tidal Phenomena around Massive Objects

I discuss two kinds of extreme events due to the tidal fields around massive 
objects. 1) Stars orbiting closely enough to a massive black hole could be 
tidally compressed into a transient pancake-shape configuration before the 
total disruption. Using hydrodynamical simulations, I show the formation of 
a strong shock within the stellar matter, and I discuss its implications to 
X-ray and gravitational wave astronomy. 2) The leading models for the formation 
of hyper-velocity stars is the breakup of a binary as it approaches the massive 
black hole in the Galactic Center. The large mass ratio between the black hole 
and binary stars allows us to formulate the problem in the restricted parabolic 
three-body approximation. I discuss the ejection and capture dynamics in the 
framework, and the results are also used to discuss irregular satellites around 
the giant planets in the Solar system, especially Triton - Neptune's largest moon.