Introduction
v  X-Ray Astronomy was born in 1962 with the
discovery of Scorpius X-1.
v  Over the years x-ray observatories have revealed a
diverse collection of x-ray sources ranging from
nearby stars to distant galaxies.
v  However, it wasn’t until the recent launches (1999)
of Chandra and XMM-Newton that x-ray line-
resolved spectra have become available.
v  With this recent achievement, the x-ray branch of
astronomy now joins other wavebands in using
spectroscopy to perform quantitative investigations of
cosmic objects.
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