XMM Users' Handbook


next up previous contents
Next: Position angle determination for Up: Observing with XMM Previous: Dithering mode

   
Sky visibility during the XMM mission

All visibility information provided here and also by the XMM Target Visibility Tool is currently based on an expected launch date of 2000, January 21.


Target visibility should always be checked using the XMM Target Visibility Tool, which is located at the URL http://astro.estec.esa.nl/XMM/user/vis/vis_top.html. Currently, it contains information for orbits 3-430 after launch, i.e. the time period for AO-1 observations. Fig. 81 displays only a first-order approximation of the sky visibility during this time. It is shown for illustrative purposes and should be used only as a rough guideline to assess whether any visibility problems, in particular in the dark area around CygX-1, might exist, but not for quantitative statements. The map is not accurate, because it is based on $2^\circ\times2^\circ$bins. Since a whole bin is rejected even if only a tiny fraction of it is affected by an observing constraint (like e.g., bright source avoidance), the actual visibility is underestimated.


  
Figure 81: Approximate sky visibility (in % of the total theoretically available time) during orbits 3-430 of XMM operation. Coordinates are equatorial, in units of degrees, centred on (180,0).
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\leavevmode
\epsfig{width=1.0\hsize, file=figs/Orbits3_432.ps}
\end{center} \end{figure}

The XMM Target Visibility Tool determines the visibility, if any, for certain target coordinates under configurable conditions. Note that basic parameters, like e.g., avoidance angles, should not be changed when running it. The defaults represent the values that are actually used for satellite operation. More details are provided by the XMM Target Visibility Tool online help.

Fig. 82 is a complementary representation of those areas on the sky for which there is no adequate visibility during the first 430 orbits of the XMM mission. Note that, despite its appearance, this is not just an inverted version of Fig. 81. It shows areas for which a certain maximum continuous target visibility is not reached in any orbit (up to orbit 430). Again, this image is only a first-order approximation, based on a $2^\circ$ grid. For more accurate information for given target coordinates, the XMM Target Visibility Tool must be used. Targets for which no adequate visibility is available during the first two years in orbit should be proposed at a later AO.


  
Figure 82: Sky areas for which a given maximum target visibility is not reached during orbits 3-430 of XMM operation. Same coordinates as in Fig. 81.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\leavevmode
\epsfig{width=1.0\hsize, file=figs/Maxtime3_432.ps}
\end{center} \end{figure}


next up previous contents
Next: Position angle determination for Up: Observing with XMM Previous: Dithering mode
European Space Agency - XMM Science Operations Centre